Japanese Volitional Form: 〜よう / 〜ましょう
The volitional form expresses volition — "let's do X", "I intend to do X", or invitations to act together. It is one of the first forms taught at N5 and appears constantly in daily conversation.
Forming the volitional
Group 2 (る-verbs): drop る, add よう. Group 1 (う-verbs): change the final /u/ sound to /ou/. Irregulars: する → しよう, くる → こよう. Polite form: replace ます with ましょう.
Invitation: 〜ましょう and 〜ませんか
〜ましょう is a polite invitation ("let's"). 〜ませんか is a softer suggestion ("won't you…?") — more polite when inviting someone.
〜(よ)うとする — attempting or about to
Volitional + とする means "to try to do" or "to be on the verge of doing". It implies the action hasn't happened yet.
〜(よ)うと思う — personal intention
〜よう / 〜おうと思う expresses a personal intention that has just formed. It is softer than 〜つもり (settled plan).
Common mistakes
行きましょうか to a superior
RightUse 参りましょうか or softer phrasing with superiors
〜ましょう implies joint action with equal footing. With a superior, use 参る (humble) or ask with 〜ましょうか less directly.
食べようとした = "I tried the food"
Right食べようとした = "I tried/attempted to eat" (implying difficulty or interruption)
〜ようとする is about attempting an action, not evaluating it. 食べてみた = "I tried eating it."
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What is the difference between 〜ましょう and 〜ませんか?
〜ましょう is a direct invitation: "Let's do X." 〜ませんか is softer: "Would you like to / Shall we?" 〜ませんか is considered more polite when inviting someone else, as it gives them room to decline.
How is 〜ようと思う different from 〜つもり?
〜ようと思う expresses a fresh or tentative intention ("I'm thinking of…"). 〜つもり is a firm, settled plan ("I intend to / I plan to"). Use 〜つもり when you've already decided.